The study proceeds in finding further causalities and dependencies, which are useful in defining Military Enterprise Architectures. With this approach, the paper composes a roadmap for Military Knowledge Management. Military Command and Control is studied within the framework of Knowledge Creation utilising tools of Evolution Theory and Path Creation to find patterns and dependencies. This paper is one part of writer's research in finding why so many C4I SoS implementations have faced challenges.
The study is intended to support strategic planning of knowledge creating military organisation and defining the Enterprise Architecture for Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Information (C4I) System of systems (SoS). The paper studies the evolution of military Knowledge Management from a Command and Control perspective. Keywords: Complex Adaptive System, CAS, Systems Thinking, ST, CAS*T, Cynefin Framework, Observe-Orient-Decide-Act, OODA, USMC, Command-and-Control (C2), Investments, Information Technology, Mental Models, Intelligence Base, Systemic hierarchy of leverage points. The testing was done through publications (articles, chapters), conferences (presentation papers), interviews (feedback) and correspondence (feedback). We have used the scientific inquiry version of John Boyd's OODA: Observe – Orient – Formulate Hypotheses (Decide) – Test (Act). That is why we have only used qualitative methods for this reason based on our own experiences (in Defense), literature (mainly military as previously indicated), interviews (open questions, exchanging experiences) and correspondence (article, e-mail). This requires abstraction of military concepts to transform them into business concepts. Concerning the research methods, we note that specific to this study we start from the military sciences to create an IT investment framework in the business domain. Since situational awareness is essential, we propose our Intelligence Base. The purpose of our CAS*T framework (Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking) is to determine leverage points in the organization in general and IT in particular (adapting Enterprise Architecture). It defines different spaces each with specific characteristics for management (as IT-investments) and leadership. Special attention is given to the extension of the Cynefin Framework which is a generic sense-making framework (situational awareness). We believe ST is necessary in addition to CxT because ST focuses also on the design of human-made CAS (based on restrictions imposed by humans in the organization and in the environment). The second major group research questions whether it is good idea to combine Complexity Thinking (CxT) and Systems Thinking (ST) to study Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS). The first group of research questions deals with the relevance of military theories (von Clausewitz, Boyd’s OODA (Observe – Orient -Decide - Act), United States Marine Corps Command-and-Control (USMC C2) spectrum and NCW) for a contemporary company. On the other hand, the causes and consequences of a fairly new concept Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) are investigated because NCW has dramatically changed the way in which military operations are undertaken and it is based on an intensive use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). On the one side we discuss the most influencing military thinkers in Belgian Defense Carl von Clausewitz and in the USA John Boyd (together with Carl von Clausewitz). The main research idea of this thesis is to develop a strategic IT investment framework using primarily military concepts as a basis.
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